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Articles Health
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12 min read

Phytoactives in Dermal Care

The article explains how essential oils and herbs emerged as effective wound healer and helps in constructive wound management. Due to presence of active ingredients, having wide range of bioactivity, they help in eliminating various skin ailments and wounds and exert beneficial effect on performance of livestock and birds.

Dr. Vandana Sharma
Technical Manager
Nutricare Lifesciences

External injuries to domesticated animals are common, ranging from tiny scratches to lacerated wounds to catastrophic deep damage. Such wounds have a negative impact on their health, their ability to function, and the owner’s financial situation. Accidental cutaneous injuries, if left untreated, can result in a cascade of pathophysiological changes such as myiasis, sepsis, and, in certain cases, cellulites.

Antibiotic-based treatments have been promoted as a means of encouraging healthy and rapid healing. However, in the quest of side effect free derma care, phytomedicines are a promising choice and are gaining popularity in wound care. It involves disinfection, debridement and ensuring a pathogen-free environment to accelerate healing with minimal side effects is a pressing necessity.

Wound and its consequences
Wounds are injuries caused by external aggression or a mechanical agent rather than disease, and frequently involve tissue division or rupture of the integument or mucous membrane. Domestic animals may sustain wounds as a result of fighting injuries, animal/insect bites, barbed wire injuries when grazing, accidents, and blows. The issues connected with a wound emerge as a result of an infection caused by toxins generated by bacteria at the wound site, resulting in abscess, necrosis, and slough, among other things. Microorganisms enter the wound in a variety of ways. They enter through direct contact with an infective surface, surgical equipment, air, and occasionally self-contamination by scratching or biting the wound. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenus, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most prevalent causal organisms associated with wound infections. Therefore, timely and correct dressing of the wound is required for complete healing process.

Wound healing is a complex process
Wound healing is separated into three phases, each of which has its own time period, as well as specific tissues and cell lines. The inflammatory phase begins with the formation of a clot to halt the bleeding, followed by vasodilation and the activation of immunological defence mechanisms. Following that is the proliferative phase of epidermal, endothelial, and fibroblast cells, which results in the formation of early granulation tissue and angiogenesis. The granular tissue is modified in the final phase by the formation of new collagen fibres and the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which increases tensile strength and allows the borders of the lesion to be closer together. Wound fail to heal when there is disruption of the normal delicate balance of the growth factors and inflammatory mediators and when left unmanaged leads to formation of biofilms, Sepsis, Myiasis and Cellulitis.

Wound management is a vital step for effective healing
Wound management is an ongoing treatment of a wound, by providing appropriate environment for healing, by both direct and indirect methods, together with the prevention of skin breakdown.

Basic principles of wound management are universally identifiable and include the following:

Reduce bioburden
Reduce edema
Maintain a moist wound environment

Wound lavaging is important in initial wound treatment. Irrigation of the wound, washes away both visible and microscopic debris. This reduces the bacterial load in the tissue, which helps decrease wound complications and also allows better examination of underlying tissues. Open wounds often must be managed for several days, weeks, or even months until they can be closed or they heal by second intention.

The majority of wounds heals effectively with standard wound management approaches and good bandaging; however, topical medications may be explored as an adjuvant for chronic, non-healing wounds. Non-healing wounds are halted during one of the healing phases, most commonly the inflammatory phase 2. As a result, topical treatments help the body move from an inflammatory to a proliferative state.

There are a number of factors that influence how well and quickly wounds heal. Healing is influenced by a variety of factors, including the environment, the animal’s overall health, and pharmacological treatments. One environmental component that influences wound healing is temperature. The optimal temperature for wound healing is around 86°F (30°C). Cold temperatures can weaken wounds, causing them to take longer to heal. Wounds require oxygen to heal as well. Bandages should not be too tight to allow blood to flow freely through the wound.

Herbs in wound healing
Many topical drugs are used to treat wounds. These may be intended to promote natural wound closure, prevent infection, or reduce pain. However, other topical drugs (used for other purposes) may slow wound healing. Plants can help manage and cure wounds in a variety of ways. In many areas, tribal and traditional heal wounds and burns using a wide variety of plants. The molecular and physiological effects of therapeutic plant extracts and components are frequently studied in mammalian systems; in 2008, 68 percent of all pharmaceutical medicines were derived from or inspired by plants.

Aloe vera has been used as a first-line treatment for burns, ulcers, and surgical wounds. Pyrocatechol, saponins, acemannan, anthraquinones, glycosides, oleic acid, phytol, and simple and complex water-soluble polysaccharides are among the many natural bioactive substances found in aloe vera. Acetone extracts from Aloe vera leaves are rich in saponins, acemannan, and anthraquinone possess antibacterial activity. Gram-positive bacteria appear to be more responsive to Aloe vera than Gram-negative bacteria.
Safflower seeds, or Carthamus tinctorius, has been linked to a variety of biological actions, including vasodilation, immunological modulation, anticoagulation and thromboprophylaxis, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antihepatic fibrosis, and analgesia. The primary water-soluble monomer of safflower yellow pigments, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory , proangiogenic, and apoptosis-inhibiting characteristics. Topical administration promotes neovascularization, reepithelialization, and granulation tissue development in wounds.
Curcumin, an active ingredient found in the root of Curcuma longa, has been used as a medication for centuries. Curcumin is used to treat inflammation, lung problems, and liver problems by traditional Ayurvedic medicine practitioners. Abdominal pain is often treated with curcumin. At the transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels, this highly pleiotropic protein has been shown to interact with critical physiological pathways. Epithelial malignancies are treated with curcumin. Curcumin promotes fibroblast proliferation, granulation tissue development, and collagen deposition in the healing of cutaneous wounds, which is maybe not surprising.

Wondrous role of essential oils
Essential oils are recognised for their natural protective role for host plants, as well as the fact that they contain characteristics that are several times stronger than those found in dried herbs. Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal qualities, as well as some specific therapeutic benefits, are among the features that make essential oils of great interest. The herbal bioactives present in the essential oils change the chemical and cellular environment of the wound bed. Essential oils create a wonderful wound environment by enhancing the intrinsic factors such as cytokines and other growth factors, enhance body defense, aid in proliferation of fibroblasts and result in effective healing.

Moist environment is necessary for healing. Essential oils are lipophilic and stick to the wound texture easily. They form a layer on the surface thus shielding the wound completely, hence preventing dessication, and maintaining moist wound surface. Since, the intracellular moisture remains intact and celluar integrity, is maintained, perfect wound environment is thus generated.

We at Nutricare offer a unique combination of essential oils and phytobioactives for wound, eczema, ringworm, pruritis and other problems.

Pine oil treats various skin problems like psoriasis, itching, pimples, eczema, skin diseases, scabies, sores and fleas. It can also act as an antioxidant and prevents free radicals attack on the healthy skin cells.
Eucalyptus oil is antibacterial and analgesic. Cineole in eucalyptus oil has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Eucalyptus oil has larvicidal activity and repellency has been tested against Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens.
Himachalenes and Atlantones from Cedar oil have been found to have immunemodulatory, antiseptic, insecticidal, anti-fungal activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and molluscidal activity. Cedrol treats eczema and cure the inflammation that leads to this irritating skin issue. It reduces skin pealing and treats the infection with its antifungal properties.
Ocimum basilicum oil significantly inhibits the growth of bacterial strains S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, P.aeruginosa and the yeast Candida albicans, which are the common causatives of mastitis.
α-turmerone, β-turmerone and ar-turmerone from Curcuma longa oil have insecticidal, antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant actions. They also have healing ability and avoid udder cracks.
Ingredients like Nimbine from Neem oil prevent secondary infection. The alpha-linolenic acid and related chemicals are anti-inflammatory and remove hardness of tissues.

Hemostasis, inflammation, debridement, repair (proliferation), and remodeling are all aspects of wound healing that occur simultaneously. Various endogenous and external factors influence each phase. Essential oils shows promising results in skin wound healing by modulating processes involved in the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling stages.

More details can be reached at www.nutricare.in

Previous article by author: Phytogenics Role In Maximising Liver Protection In Layers

Articles Management
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0
12 min read

How to Improve Broiler Performance?

Good Broiler performance means More Body weight, More Liveability & Low FCR. With today’s increasing operational Cost one more parameter become very important; Mean Age. We need to produce 7 Flocks in a year to sustain. Therefore, today’s Broiler performance only means EEF or BEF.

The more the EEF, the better is Broiler Performance.

Dr B C Dutta (Author),
Poultry Consultant

We need More Body Weight. But in India, Bangladesh & Nepal, live bird market scenario, Body Weight need to match the customer demand which is 2 to 2.20Kg now. More Body weight means more EEF.

We want more broiler Liveability which depends on several factors like

Breeder Management: Health, Age, and Vaccination Program.
Hatchery Management: Sanitation, Hatch Window, Temperature & Ventilation management.
Farm Management: Brooding, Vaccination Program & Health management.
Biosecurity.

More Liveability = Less Mortality, means more EEF.

Mean Age is the average age of culling or selling the birds. Less no of days to reach Targeted Body Wt means less overheads, less Feed, less water & less mortality. Low Mean age means high EEF.

In simple terms FCR means the amount of Feed required to produce one Kg Live Broiler. Hence, Lower the FCR better the EEF.

Considering current scenario with increasing Feed Cost (which accounts 67-70% of Broiler Cost) FCR is the most important parameter in broiler farming. Again FCR is directly related to Body Weight vis-a-vis Mean Age & Health status of birds. Practically both Body Wt & FCR are directly depends on Average Daily Weight Gain (ADG). Faster Growth yields more ADG results more Body Wt in less no of days with Less Feed (low FCR) & Less Overhead expenses.

Hence we can conclude that better Broiler Performance is only possible with better ADG means more EEF. Therefore, the issues are; how to get More Liveability & MORE Av Day Gain?

LIVEABILITY

Increase Liveability or reduce mortality is not just a subject to read or write. It is a continuous process of husbandry practise (Farm Management), health management, Vaccination program & Veterinary practise considering receipt of active & healthy Day Old Chicks (DOC).

Several factors related to Breeder farm operation directly affect broiler liveability which includes:

Age of Parent Stock: Early Chick Mortality & Lameness is common with chicks from young flocks. Chicks from old age flocks have relatively less Immune power and frequently suffer from disease outbreaks. Chicks from middle aged breeder flocks perform excellently.
Vaccination Program: Breeder Vaccination program should aim not only to protect the parent stock but also to provide enough immune strength to progeny considering the local disease history & challenges. The diseases like CIA, REO, ND, IBD, IB, Salmonellosis & Mycoplasmosis need to taken seriously at breeder level. Presently IBH auto vaccines are being used in breeder to prevent outbreaks in progeny with questionable success.
Health Status of parent Stock: It is not only related with Parent Liveability & no of Settable Hatching Eggs but also quality of DOC. Chicks must be free from vertically transmitted diseases like Salmonella (Pullorum or Gallinerum), Mycoplasmosis (CRD) and AE (Avian Encephalomylitis) etc. Moreover, general health status of breeder flock directly responsible for broiler performance. Healthy breeder means high liveability in broiler.
Sanitation of Breeding Farm: Cleanliness & sanitation of breeding farm in general, Egg collection team & Egg Store, vehicles affect broiler liveability. Egg shell can carry infections which ultimately results poor liveability.

Many issues of Hatchery & Chick Transportation are directly responsible for broiler liveability:

Sanitation is very important subject in hatchery management which not only affect hatchery performance (Saleable Chick %) but also produce Sick Chicks which eventually dies in few days after reaching broiler farm.

Infections of Staphylococcus & E coli are very commonly carried by chicks from hatchery resulting Omphalytis with early chick mortality.
Mycoplasma from eggs of one flock can infect eggs of other flocks in hatchery producing CRD after 21 days age.
Similarly Salmonella infection can horizontally transmit to other hatching eggs in the hatchery resulting high mortality in early life (both embryonic & first few days of broiler).
Fungal Infection (Aspergillosis or Brooder Pneumonia) in chicks are mostly brought from hatchery (infected chick box, paper pieces & vehicle) causing very high mortality with low body weight and poor performance.

Hatch Window is very important not only for hatch% but also for the Liveability of Chicks at farm. Extended Hatch window is a common problem resulting Lameness & respiratory distress with Ascites in later stage. The chicks born in the first part are worst performer.

Ventilation is major management issue in hatchery. Air Space between two Incubators and between Machine & Wall must be sufficient enough for continuous Oxygen supply inside the machines.

Husbandry practice & Farm management is the main issue behind High Liveability. A chick from best breeder & good hatchery fails due to poor farm management. Further, good husbandry & farm management many times gives beyond expected results from ordinary breeder & poor hatchery practice. The following issues need to be taken care for better liveability:

a) Shed Ready:- Housing of Chicks only after making the farms free from all source of Disease. Pre-Heating of brooding house helps improving liveability.

b) Chick Receiving:- Unloading, counting & releasing immediately on reaching farm increases liveability.

c) Immediate Access of chicks to Fresh Feed & Water with good Probiotic and making them accustomed with brooding house not only reduce early chick mortality but also helps development of immune system to minimize later stage disease outbreak.

d) Brooding Management to provide comfort to newly arrived chicks with respect to Space, Litter (bedding), Temperature, Ventilation (Air Circulation) & Light.

e) Scientific Vaccination & Medication program considering disease history of the area & present challenges involving Poultry Veterinarian.

Biosecurity & Health Management is directly related to Liveability. Exposure to disease need to be checked to improve liveability.

DAY GAIN (ADG):

Average Daily Weight Gain (ADG) depends on our capacity & ability to extract the bird’s Genetic potential through Nutrition, Husbandry practise & Farm Management.

NUTRITION: Today’s good nutrition not only depends on

1) Best Formulation &

2) Good quality Raw Materials

but also on

3) Production Efficiency like Grinding, Mixing, Pelleting, Conditioning etc.

4) Physical Presentation like Particle Size, Hardness, Dust%, Moisture% etc.

5) Storage Efficiency like Downtime, Technique, System, etc.

6) Feeding Management at Farm e.g. Equipment status, Feed Consumption, Feeding method, Water quality, Farm Sanitation and Health Management.

# Minimum the storage time, maximum is the ADG & EEF. Fresh Feed offers 100% Nutrients availability to the broiler resulting excellent ADG. Storing feed for long in air-tight godown shall be avoided. Under Hot & Humid Indian scenario Pellet/Crumb feed should be consumed within 7 days.

# Equipment Quality:

Feeder Type – Best is Chick Tray followed by Big Feeder or Automatic Feeder with Conveyer system. Feeder No should be 1 for 50 chicks in Big Feeder and 1 for 40 Chicks in Automatic Feeder.

Feeder Line Distance: Distance between 2 lines should not be more than 10 Feet because broilers are lazy & reluctant to move beyond 5 feet.

Feeding Method has direct impact on quantity of Feed Intake & on its digestion. Meal Feeding or Intermittent Feeding through lighting management gives high ADG resulting excellent FCR & EEF.

# Water Quality:

The Chicken body consist of 70% water and water is the medium by which Nutrients & Oxygen transportation takes place in the body. Water Quality impacts heavily on ADG & EEF.

The pH should be around 6 for better ADG. Organic Acids as liquid water Acidifier helps reducing pH. The Hardness shall be below 100 and Water should be free from dissolved Heavy metals. Water should be free from any chemical & microbial contamination.

# Farm Sanitation & Health Management:

Healthy bird eats as per breed standard and grows as per genetic potential. Maintenance of perfect health is the key of success in today’s broiler. The birds need to be protected from diseases

a) Causing High Mortality e.g. ND, IBD, IBH, IB, AI, Salmonellosis, Aspergillosis, etc

b) Causing Moderate Mortality but affecting ADG e.g. E coli, Mycoplasma, Staphylococcus, etc and

c) Causing Little or No Mortality but affects ADG e.g. Coccidiosis, Mycotoxins, Sub-Clinical IBD, Necrotic Enteritis.

These can be achieved through

a) Strict Biosecurity:-
- Poultry Traffic Control by restricting unwanted visitor to farm specially poultry related person.
- Fencing with Effective Footbath at Entrance.
- Do not keep any other domestic animal or birds in the farm complex.
- Disposal of Dead birds in Death Pit with disinfectant. Awareness needed to stop selling Sick & dead birds in market which not only infects the vehicle but also spread the disease in other areas. Feeding Dead birds to dogs or Fish is only inviting and aggravating our problem.

b) Scientific Vaccination, Disinfection & Medication program as given by Poultry Veterinarian.
c) Daily Health monitoring; any abnormally shall be dealt with scientific approach.
d) Daily Water & Feed Intake monitoring; any deviation shall be looked seriously
e) Keeping the Farm Complex clean and free from organic debris which harbour infections.

Author: Dr B C Dutta, Poultry Consultant, www.drbcdutta.com

Note: This article was earlier published in West Bengal Poultry Mela Souvenir, February 2017.

Article by same author: Lameness In Poultry – Contributing Factors

News Update
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3 min read

Srinivasa Farms Adopts ‘SOY FED’

SRINIVASA FARMS ADOPTS ‘SOY FED’, INDIA’S FIRST-EVER FEED LABEL, TO HELP CONSUMERS IDENTIFY HIGH-QUALITY PROTEIN PRODUCTS

Following other leading poultry producers, Srinivasa Farms joins the list of supporters of the ‘Soy Fed’ label that enables Indian consumers to make better protein choices.

Soy Feed Label Right to Protein, a nationwide public health initiative, welcomes another renowned industry leader, Srinivasa Farms, to the league of Soy Fed adopters. ‘Soy Fed’ label is India’s first-ever voluntary feed label, launched in 2021 to raise awareness about the role of animal feed in determining the quality of protein consumed. The voluntary label will feature on Srinivasa Farm’s processed chicken portfolio and ‘HelloEggs’ brand products soon.

Since its inception last year, the ‘Soy Fed Label’ has received widespread support from industry stakeholders like Sneha Farms and Shalimar Group, owing to its ability to distinguish soy as a high-quality protein source for animal feed and empowering consumers to make informed decisions while differentiating packaged poultry, meat, and fish fed with soy.

Mr. Suresh Chitturi, Managing Director, Srinivasa Farms said, “As a leading player in building the Indian poultry industry, we are extremely passionate about food and strongly believe it to be a vehicle for good health and nourishment. While soy feed plays a significant role in the growth and development of animals and helps define the quality of protein consumed by humans, awareness about it remains limited. Hence, introducing the ‘Soy Fed’ label was imperative to bridge the knowledge gap and set a benchmark for quality, and we wanted to play a role in it. We believe that adopting the label further reinforces our commitment to provide quality and affordable nutrition to consumers, which has always been at the core of our existence.”

“The introduction of the label was a necessary step undertaken to drive awareness about Soy as a complete protein source for animal, as well as human consumption. It is encouraging to witness the overwhelming support we are receiving from our industry partners for the ‘Soy Fed’ label and are happy to have champions like Srinivasa Group helm the cause with us. With this, we are indeed progressing on our journey to further the protein knowledge beyond just the immediate source – going from food to feed”, stated Jaison John, Lead – India, US Soybean Export Council (USSEC) and Right To Protein supporter.

Surging ahead in its mission to drive protein sufficiency in the country through awareness, advocacy, and action, Right to Protein, continues to reach out to multiple brands in India for voluntary inclusion of the label on their packaged protein products – meat, poultry, and fish – and helping citizens learn that We Are What Our Food Is Fed!

To know more about Soy Fed, head here.

News Update
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5 min read

New Corporate Office for Novus International in India

The new Novus International office in Bangalore opened on 21 April 2022.

BANGALORE, INDIA (21 April 2022) – Novus International’s Asia leadership team in India inaugurated its new corporate office in the country in April.

The new space was officially opened on 21 April 2022 in Bangalore, the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka located in the country’s southwestern region. Having a corporate office in Bangalore has the advantage of being in proximity to many customers. While a large city that is home to more than 8 million people, Bangalore is centrally located with major livestock and poultry hubs like Coimbatore, Namakkal, Hospet, Hyderabad, Pune, etc., contributing more than 60 percent of the poultry and dairy markets. The location also facilitates frequent engagement with customers, which will result in enhanced customer intimacy, improved services, and business growth.

Abishek Shingote
Sr. Director – Global Strategy Marketing

On the 20th of April, Novus South Asia team hosted the customer meet-and-greet featuring Sr. Director of Global Strategy Marketing Abishek Shingote and Vice President and Asia Managing Director Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal from Novus Headquarters in the U.S.

The evening started with the welcome address by Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Managing Director for South Asia & Southeast Asia, followed by the leadership messages from Dr. Nagpal, Shingote, Sr. Vice President and COO Ed Galo, and the company’s CEO and President Dan Meagher.

In his speech, Srivastava highlighted the importance of shifting the corporate office to Bangalore and he thanked all customers and business partners for their support. He spoke about growth, collaboration, trust and new beginning for Novus in the region. He also emphasized the opportunities in the region and the commitment of Novus to serve its customers with the right solutions and services.

Galo thanked all customers and business partners for their continuous support, stating that Novus has built a sustainable business over the years in the Indian market, and company leadership is pleased and proud of its position in the country.

“In return, we are committed to supporting the market to help feed the world and continue bringing nutritional health and solutions for best-in-class animal protein production to the market,” Galo said.

Meagher congratulated Srivastava and the entire team of Novus South Asia for their renewed commitment to country and its animal protein producers. “The commitment of Novus’s office in India demonstrates the importance of the Indian market to Novus,” Meagher said.

Dr. Nagpal mentioned the evolution of Novus in India over the last 15 years and spoke to the global development, innovation and focus of the company. He also added the importance of customers and business partners for the growth of any organization. “Customers are the backbone of any business,” Dr. Nagpal said.

Many prominent animal nutrition and health companies are located in and are operating out of Bangalore. The area is also a hub for the software and biotechnology-related industry in India and is known as the “Silicon Valley & Biotech Capital of India.” Recently, Bangalore has emerged as the start-up capital with almost 32 entrepreneurial companies located there. With this investment in the city, Bangalore has an advantage over other cities in attracting and retaining talents.

Bangalore is also demographically diverse and the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India as per the Centre for Science and Environment. Bangalore is called the most livable city in India due to its economic ability and opportunities.

Novus Animal Nutrition (India) Pvt. Ltd.
IS-48, Second Floor, KHB Industrial Area,
Yelahanka New Town, Bengaluru – 560 064,
Karnataka, India
www.novusint.com | +914 4268 80782

Event News Update
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0
5 min read

Livestock Philippines – Just 3 Months To Go!

The much-awaited International Trade Fair for Innovative Production and Processing for Poultry and Livestock, Livestock Philippines, will be held on 24 – 26 August 2022 at the World Trade Center Metro Manila, Pasay City, Philippines.

Livestock Philippines brings together local and international exhibitors, and trade visitors with profiles such as but not limited to industry professionals, key stakeholders, owners, and decision- makers integrators, farmers, feed millers, pre-mixers, meat processors, slaughterhouses, veterinarians, distributors, retailers, and others. It is a B2B show where you can see cutting-edge technology and solutions available in the global market, attend educational technical seminars and conferences, and experience quality face-to-face networking with the potential market.

Supported By: The Department of Agriculture has recently expressed its support to Livestock Philippines five years later after its last edition in 2017. The department is responsible for the promotion of agricultural development by providing the policy framework, public investments, and support services needed for domestic and export-oriented business enterprises. Livestock Philippines is also supported by some affiliated agencies of the Department of Agriculture, such as the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), National Meat Inspection (NMIS), Philippine Dairy Authority (PDA), Philippine Carabao Center (PCC), and Agricultural Training Institute (ATI). Together with the Livestock Philippines team, the said government agencies create a working committee to discuss and plan a comprehensive collaboration which includes hosting an exclusive conference during the show, which will be attended by key important people within the livestock industry.

Show Highlights: Livestock Philippines 2022 features new show highlights such as the Eggcellent Corner, Sustainability Square, and Innovation Zone to educate the visitors about certain causes that would help boost the livestock industry in the Philippines and are aligned with the programs of the Department of Agriculture. Furthermore, the event highlights different initiatives and approaches toward a more sustainable event that would inspire and encourage exhibitors and visitors to be more environmentally and socially responsible.

Eggcellent Corner

Watch out for this new and innovative corner at Livestock Philippines that showcases the importance and wonders of eggs. This corner is specially designed to promote eggs as the cheapest source of proteins and can be added to human daily diets. Some of the activities that must be expected are small seminars about the Philippine Layer Roadmap, Sustainable Egg Farming, free consultations about cage-free systems and innovative layer products, mini live theatre, and free trials of various egg products. The Eggcellent Corner will be led by the Batangas Egg Producers Cooperative (BEPCO) and Global Food Partners.

Sustainability Square

Sustainability Square at Livestock Philippines is an interactive zone where visitors and exhibitors can learn more about sustainability within the livestock, feed, and meat processing industries. The sponsors in Livestock Philippines Sustainability Square can highlight their companies’ initiatives or approaches to promote sustainability and create a positive impact on building a sustainable future.

Innovation Zone

At Livestock Philippines, every exhibitor is given an equal opportunity to showcase their latest products and technologies that they can offer to the market. Find diverse and multiple cutting-edge products and talk with some industry professionals at the Innovation Zone

Aside from these new show features, expect another comprehensive and insightful conferences and technical seminars from industry experts and key exhibitors.

This year, Livestock Philippines assures the stakeholders a safer, more convenient, and efficient trade show experience. Informa Markets has launched Informa AllSecure to provide enhanced health and safety standards following COVID-19 on top of the government and local authorities’ guidance. The Informa AllSecure standard guidelines raise the bar of a safer, hygienic, and well-organized event to give everyone the confidence in doing business during the show.

Livestock Philippines expects more than 200 exhibitors and at least 12,000 trade visitors from various sectors of the livestock industry to attend in August. Aside from the government agencies, the event is also supported and endorsed by some industry associations like Batangas Egg Producers (BEPCO), Cold Chain Associations of the Philippines (CCAP), and Philippine Association of Meat Processors Inc. (PAMPI).

For more information, please contact team or visit www.livestockphilippines.com

For Sales: Ms. Rita Lau | rita.lau@informa.com
For Marketing: Ms. Jomia Pagkatotohan | jomia.pagkatotohan@informa.com

Appointment News Update
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0
3 min read

Birgit Horn Appointed Managing Director VIV Worldwide

Welcoming a senior expert from the event industry onboard, Royal Jaarbeurs | VNU Group is excited to announce new leadership with a vision of boosting the VIV worldwide portfolio.

Birgit Horn (49) has been appointed as the new Managing Director of VIV worldwide. Based in the head office in Utrecht, Mrs. Horn will officially start on August 1, 2022. She will contribute to enlarge the VIV worldwide network on all measures with regards to exhibitors, visitors and partner development and also further strengthen the worldwide reach of the VIV show portfolio.

Horn has a vast experience of 25 years working in the exhibition industry. She has worked in different leadership positions with Messe Düsseldorf GmbH, a key player in the sector. As Director, Horn was recently responsible for two world leading trade shows with global reach counting a base of around 3,200 exhibitors. In her tenure she has developed new trade fair and conference formats, expending industry segments in Germany, India as well as in Turkey.

As the new Managing Director of VIV worldwide, Brigit Horn will succeed Heiko M. Stutzinger, who recently became COO of Royal Jaarbeurs | VNU Group. “We are thrilled to have Birgit on board. Her focus on industry developments by building strong connections through clear customer-driven event concepts will help VIV worldwide to continue its legacy in the sector.” affirms Heiko M. Stutzinger, COO Jaarbeurs.

Sharing the sentiment, Horn adds, “I am very excited to join the VNU Group and looking forward to inspiring the whole team in reaching for the best possible services to supply top-quality events. At the same time, I am ready and keen to dive into the world of AgriFood and animal protein production, meet our existing partners and expand the VIV worldwide network in the Feed to Food industry.”

In her new role, Horn will be responsible for the entire VIV worldwide portfolio, which is spread across the globe – Asia, Europe, and the MEA region, and consists of VIV trade exhibitions, VIV Connect and the VIV trade forums. She will report to the Group COO Heiko M. Stutzinger.

To stay tuned for the latest news and developments, please follow VIV worldwide and VNU Europe on LinkedIn.

About VIV worldwide | VIV worldwide is the business network linking professionals from Feed to Food, offering boundless opportunities to the animal protein supply chain players. VIV worldwide developed with dedication a network through 40 years of experience and interactions with the industry, making it the leading platform for some of the most promising markets of the world. Visit WWW.VIV.NET/EVENTS.

News Update
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1 min read

Delst awarded BIONEXUS STATUS by Malaysian Govt

Delst has been awarded the unique and privileged BIONEXUS STATUS by the Government of Malaysia.

Bionexus Status grants Delst incentives it needs to fuel its R&D plans in product enhancement, value addition and new product innovation. The Management and R&D team of Delst is building the momentum forward to actively pursue the development of innovative and novel concepts that reflect its dedication and commitment to the livestock industry’s growth and sustainability.

DelstAsia will continue to pioneer concepts and solutions to resolve issues at post-production, and from feed at the farm level. Providing refreshing novel concepts and solutions is how we intend to support the expansion plans of our global market.

For details, visit www.delstasia.com

News Update
0
0
5 min read

Meat Pro Asia 2023: Messe Frankfurt and VNU Group join forces

Messe Frankfurt and VNU Group join forces to launch a new meat and food processing trade show for the Asian market in March 2023

In a strategic expansion into the growing food technology sector, Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd and VNU Group, announced a partnership to jointly organise ‘Meat Pro Asia’, a new trade show dedicated to meat and food processing and catering to the Asian market. The show will take place on a biennial basis in co-location with VIV Asia – the no.1 international trade show from Feed to Food in Asia. The inaugural edition will open its doors from 8 – 10 March 2023 at IMPACT, Bangkok, Thailand.

Commenting on the new event, Mr. Wolfgang Marzin, President and Chief Executive Officer of Messe Frankfurt Group, said: “Despite a challenging two years, we continue to see the need to establish new trade fairs in emerging markets around the world. With an increasingly wealthy population of 600 million, the ASEAN region is an exciting prospect, with high potential for growth in sectors such as meat and food processing.”

“Adding to an international network of events related to food processing technologies, Meat Pro Asia is Messe Frankfurt’s first venture in this sector in South East Asia,” noted Mr. Stephan Buurma, Member of the Board of Management, Messe Frankfurt Group and Managing Director of the Asia regional head office. “We therefore see great potential to leverage our experience and sector expertise, including the resources of IFFA in Frankfurt, the world’s leading meat processing trade fair, for the benefit of the industry in Asia.”

Combining industry resources

“Working closely with Messe Frankfurt, we aim at attracting the top suppliers and buyers in the processing industry to Meat Pro Asia, establishing this exhibition as a top destination in Asia for meat processing and packaging equipment” said Mr. Igor Palka, Managing Director of VNU Asia Pacific. “VIV Asia has witnessed a consistent growth during the recent editions of the food processing segment. By holding Meat Pro Asia alongside VIV Asia, and leveraging on the experience of Messe Frankfurt in this specific sector, we are going to provide the entire spectrum of food technology to trade buyers. We are confident that this new event will be a great success,” Palka added.

“Internationality is a key ingredient of both VIV Asia and the concurrent Meat Pro Asia show,” says Ms. Panadda Kongma, Director of Agribusiness and Operations, VNU Asia Pacific. “The new dates in 2023 will benefit all parties by attracting more international buyers and industry luminaries. March has long been the traditional timeslot of VIV Asia and a well-established sourcing period for the industry every two years. We are therefore thrilled to have secured a prime timeslot at the venue for Meat Pro Asia during this period in 2023.”

A vibrant market

Expected to grow by 4.7% annually until 2023*, the market for processed foods in ASEAN has been bolstered by the demands of a rising middle class.

More important contributors to the industry’s growth trajectory are government policies which aim to convert Thailand into one of the world’s top five food exporters by 2036^#, thereby fostering a favourable trading and regulatory environment for Meat Pro Asia’s participants to benefit from when it opens its doors in March 2023.

Comprehensive product coverage from farm to table

Meat Pro Asia focuses exclusively on solutions that deliver meat from farm to table. This includes slaughtering, the full processing chain, packaging, labelling, cold chain logistics, quality control, hygiene, IoT and automation, waste water treatment and more.

The inaugural edition of Meat Pro will be held from 8 – 10 March 2023. Together with VIV Asia, the two fairs are set to attract over 1,500 exhibitors, including equipment manufacturers and distributors, as well as around 50,000 trade visitors, professionals and key buyers from around the world.

Meat Pro Asia is organised by Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd and VNU Group. For more information, please e-mail meatproasia@china.messefrankfurt.com and/or meatproasia@vnuasiapacific.com .

* ‘$1.15 Billion Southeast Asia Food Processing Equipment Market 2018-2023 – Increasing Consumer Demand for Processed Food’, Business Insider, https://bit.ly/3eeBRk3

^# Thailand: Food Industry’, Thailand Board of Investment, https://bit.ly/2Y8pRLp.

Product Launch Spotlight
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1
16 min read

Utpan App: Bringing Agri Information & Financing at your fingertips

Interaction of Poultry TRENDS (magazine and Online portal) with Ms. Ankita Parihar, Co-Founder of Utpan.

Background: Ms. Ankita Parihar, Co-founder in Utpan is MBA from Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIMB) and MS analytics – Indiana University USA. Ankita has over 10 years of experience in driving and executing the growth strategy of businesses across financial services and life sciences in India and USA, enabling and innovating digital products for consumers in Indian Financial Market.

Please tell us about Utpan, when and how did you come up with the idea?

Ankita: I come from financial sector and have witnessed the massive impact of ease of availability of funds to MSME & SME segment in the growth of certain manufacturing & non-essential sectors in India. The financial lending industry in India has brought many new-age lending products to fulfill the working capital or business expansion needs of first-generation profitable business owners who cannot meet traditional banking collateral requirements.

Utpan App Homepage Screen — Utpan app homepage with commodity wise pricing display

Dr. Anjan, who happens to be the co-founder of Utpan and a well experienced business owner & expert from poultry industry is my Alumni from IIM Bangalore.

While looking at the poultry industry trends over last few years, while this industry happens to be most promising industry in agriculture sector, providing livelihood through many small, medium and large-scale companies – we saw a gap in the information symmetry at both Producer/Supplier & Buyers end as the data is disparate, scattered.

This leads to two issues

Gap & delay in the data/information availability for daily rates, supply & demand across markets
Lack of reliable transaction data for underwriting even for the well performing producers and small businesses

We need to bring structured data to make financial products more accessible to small business owners & farmers. While conventional lending products focus on the underwriting based on collaterals, in fast moving & growing economy like India where many first-generation business owners wants to grow their business & need quick working capital – we have now newer ways to underwrite financial requirements of business expansion by looking at alternate data sources like transactions, sales, revenue and financial track record of the borrowers.

We have launched Utpan to bring entire information, advice, networking & eventually facilitate financial support to the Businesses & Farmers in Poultry and associated sectors.

Our aim is to first enable a strong information accessibility to the farmers by providing them access to the daily & periodic rates to of commodities in the markets, connecting them to potential buyers. This information symmetry of market rates at daily level will enable farmers to decide right price & get best rates from the buyers in an open marketplace. I believe that will play a significant role in improving the earnings potential of farmers & positively impacts the stakeholders in the supply chain.

Substantiate & measure the strength of the businesses by leveraging on records & transactions and sales via both offline & online medium. on the business owners & farmers

Utpan Price Trend — Uptan presents periodical Price trend of commodities from different markets of India

As we all know, in today’s digital technology and social media era, information percolates every minute and the poultry sector is not beyond that. Every morning, evening and during the day market information is received in megabytes through multiple groups or platforms. But this information is so asymmetric and scattered in nature that often it becomes extremely difficult for the farmers and the related stakeholders of the sector to read and interpret it.

We therefore started to incubate the idea that what-if we create a technology solution to this price and demand discrepancies, what-if we can abolish the prevailing information asymmetry, a platform which can process these asymmetric data and present to us in a readable format for easy decisions making, brings in future prediction based on historical data, a platform where our farmers and producers can participate transparently, display their goods as a marketplace, quote and change their prices based on demand and supply, compare with the other producers, understand the demand by visualising the availability of stocks, What if the buyers use the same tool to get access to quality produced at a best possible price at his/her market and thereby invite the buyers to the same marketplace to procure the goods at an optimal price.

With this thought in mind, about 10 months back, we discussed the subject in depth, took time to understand the prevailing system, mapped the solution and finally created“ Utpan” – the information technology platform for the poultry farmers and the buyers.

The Android version of Utpan app is now available at playstore.

How would you describe Utpan to the readers

Ankita: Utpan is a first ever marketplace initiative in the poultry and related sector focused on bringing the farmers and the buyers together on a single platform, and interact with each other for an optimal buy and sell of their produced goods. This platform is created by a competent team of engineers and sector experts, and aims to reach farmers and buyers in India with multilingual and multi-state/market presence.

Utpan enables users to :

View daily price trends of all major poultry commodities of all major markets.
Get suggestions on placement and sales decision
Buy or Sell batches of commodities at your fingertips
Get latest sector related news and articles

Through its financial channel partners, Utpan also provides a platform for its registered users to apply and avail quick finance options with diverse repayment options fuelling the sector to grow at a faster pace.

Please tell our readers more, how does Utpan Benefit the Users?

Ankita: Our aim to create a scalable platform that connects producers with buyers across India for timely sales & pricing bench marked with market trends –

We aim to empower farmers & producers with latest information, market trends so they can make informed decisions during crop placements & sales.

Utpan Enlisted Commodities — Enlisted Commodities in Utpan app

Also, for equally important segment in the market – Buyers can benefit by having access to nearest sellers based on availability and rates.

The batch listings through platform helps producers build a healthy transaction history as well which creates avenues for the financers to underwrite the segment better for quick working capital or invoice financing.

Beyond this the users have easy access to following benefits:

- Daily and periodical market trend price of different agri based commodities in different markets. Users can search for any market related historical price trends for a defined period in pre-specified market, and can determine future placement / sowing plan based on the market signals.
- Through the channel partners of Utpan, eligible users can apply and avail quick hassle free working capital finance within a short span of time with easy repayment options
- Utpan help farmers with providing easy access to the latest sector related information, news bulletins and blogs
- A registered user in Utpan can follow the market price trend in desired geography, can view the marketplace, marketable produced goods, their volumes and offered price
- Users can read latest news, blogs related to the agriculture and market trends
- Registered users can view the list of buyers in the platform with the ratings and reviews
- Utpan enables a user to follow the latest industry related news, information bulletin and blogs
- Utpan provides a platform for the stakeholders of the sector to display their products and services for the benefit of the farmers

Utpan Sellers — List of sellers with diversified commodities from different markets

We have added features for Producers/Farmers group:

Farmers can list their multiple numbers of batches for sale with available quantity, average weight and desired price, under one or multiple farms, group them under the desired community/company
Farmers can view the other produce listings in the defined market of their choice, and explore based on market, district, states, volume and offered price.
Farmers can communicate with fellow farmers through the platform and understand the market trends
The platform provides options for farmers to change and edit price and available quantity for sale in real time basis comparing the price of prevailing market
Farmers can view the list of registered buyers in the sector, their ratings and reviews and find the contact details to establish direct communication for dealing.
Farmers get notified by buyers upon showing interest by a buyer in their displayed batch, can see the list of registered buyers and their detail contacts in their area and can connect directly with buyers for selling his /her produced goods
The platform enables the farmers to rate and review a buyer based on their level of satisfaction over the transaction
Utpan facilitates farmers to connect with an expert to address their produce and farming related query

Buyers can also benefit with this app as it enables:

List of buyers in Utpan app from different markets

A registered buyer can follow the daily as well as historical price trends of different produces/commodities pan India
Utpan provides the platform for eligible buyers to apply and avail quick hassle free working capital finance with easy repayment terms through its channel partners in a short span time
Utpan facilitates buyers to view, compare and evaluate all the enlisted batches of farmers’ produced goods in his/her area of interest, can filter and sort based on the market, district, state, volume & offered price
Through Utpan, buyers can interact with a farmer directly, show interest on produced goods based on chosen volume and offered price and interact with a farmer to complete a transaction
Utpan enables a buyer to view all related industry information, blogs and news and helps interact with the fellow buyers

Is there any additional benefit to the Utpan users other than what you mentioned already

Ankita: Yes, Utpan also provides a platform for its registered users to apply and avail quick finance options with diverse repayment options fuelling the sector to grow at a faster pace.

What is the present status of Utpan, can anyone download the rightaway ?

Ankita: Absolutely, At present, The application is live in the market, with 1000s of downloads within a few days of launch with multiple applications for finance options. Anyone interested can refer to the Utpan application in Play Store through the link https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.utpan.androidapp

To know more about the app, guiding video available in Utpan YouTube channel

Thank You So much Ankita, for sharing with us and with our readers about Utpan and its benefits. Would like to add any other point

Ankita: Platform applications providing easy access to data & connectivity are becoming now an integral part all sectors & function from ecommerce, education & finance. Optimal utilisation of technology platforms and leveraging the information can dramatically change the scale & profitability of an enterprise and the sector as a whole.

The use of technology in Agri space will enable & open vast opportunities of growth by making information available to producers & sellers at the right time.

Many sectors are getting benefited with new-age methods of using non-conventional information sources to define eligibility & access to financial products like invoice financing, purchase financing, working capital quick loans, revolving credit lines. The same can be introduced & enabled in poultry & related business to help the community thrive even further.

Articles Nutrition
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0
13 min read

Impact of formulating low-protein diets for poultry

Abstract: Protein is the second most substantial nutrient in poultry diets, as well as the most expensive vital ingredient. Reduced feed costs and improved animal protein supply are two important concerns for the current poultry sector. An alternative might be to supplement low protein (LP) diets with more crystalline amino acids. A low-protein diet delivers all of the essential amino acids without going overboard. Low-protein diets can increase animal performance & profitability, play a crucial role in egg development and increased hatchability, provided they are properly balanced. To ensure sustainability, the poultry industry employs low-protein diets which are critical for lowering feed costs and to reduce the risk of nitrogen emissions in the environment.

Author Pic — Dr. Neelam Chaudhary
Category Manager, Agri Commodities
Krimanshi Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Feeding animals a healthy, balanced diet is a challenge for animal husbandry. In commercial poultry feed, protein is one of the most expensive nutrient. The popularity of low-protein poultry diets has increased in recent years. This diet must contain all essential amino acids that are not synthesized by the animals. Broilers require dietary protein for a variety of purposes, the most significant of which is broiler meat accretion. It has long been established that, rather than crude protein, poultry require a certain quantity and balance of dietary essential amino acids as well as adequate nitrogen for the synthesis of non-essential amino acids. This rationale, together with the affordable availability of free amino acids, has encouraged nutritionists to limit the amount of dietary crude protein in order to minimize feed costs. Low-protein diets can increase animal performance and profitability provided they are properly balanced. If the cost is comparable, giving low-protein diets supplied with all required amino acids can result in greater health and feed efficiency. Now, using synthetic amino acids to decrease a diet’s crude protein content is critical, and this is where economics should benefit the lower-protein diet. Only crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan are now accessible commercially at acceptable costs.

Why are low-protein diets advantageous for poultry?

Low-protein diets boost broiler chicken maintenance energy efficiency and minimize performance at high ambient temperatures.
Low crude protein diet in the starter phase of broiler has an effect on immune development and response throughout the growth period.
In a low crude protein diet, increasing the lysine level by 0.2% while maintaining the usual requirement of methionine considerably improved the FCR (feed conversion ratio), while the chicken’s growth rate was intact.
Low-protein diets can increase bird performance, with arginine and glycine being advantageous to broiler performance as well as the intestinal barrier.
Reduced nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from broiler houses might be achieved by lowering the CP content of the feed.

Because of the economic, environmental, and bird welfare benefits, there is a lot of interest in developing low-protein diets for broiler chickens that are balanced with additional crystalline amino acids (Moss et al., 2018). Table 1 showing the dietary protein requirements of broiler chickens at different body weight and egg size.

**Table 1: Dietary protein requirements at various chicken body weight and egg size.**

Effect of low protein diets supplemented with free amino acids

When compared to high protein fed birds, low protein fed birds had 12.8 % greater feed intake, 14% less breast muscle but 97% higher abdominal fat at 22 weeks of age. As a result of the decreased embryonic mortality in the initial part of the laying cycle, hatchability improved by 1.3% (23-45 week of age). Furthermore, during the second phase of the laying cycle, low protein fed birds produced 3.6 more hatching eggs (46-60 week of age). According to estimates, feeding a low protein diet resulted in a profit gain of € 0.53 per breeder. Most broiler breeder hen diets include at least 16 percent CP which offers up to 26 g of CP/d under practical conditions at maximal output and is more than the recommended protein consumption. Such high levels of CP have been shown to be not only unnecessary for optimal performance of broiler breeder hens, but also to have deleterious impacts on hatchability.

The amino acid content of the diet has a significant impact on the efficiency of protein utilization. Some studies have observed satisfactory egg production with CP demands as low as 18.6 g CP with 1,022 mg lysine per bird per day. This means decreased protein requirements could only be achieved by ensuring that the bird’s amino acid needs are satisfied. Synthetic amino acids have made it possible to reduce dietary CP while still providing the amino acid requirements of broiler breeder chickens. Furthermore, the amino acid-supplemented diets had reduced feed consumption and protein intake, resulting in lower nitrogen (N) excretion than the control diets (Table 2).

**Table 2: Performance of laying hens fed high-protein diet (18% CP) and low-protein diet (14% CP) supplemented with synthetic amino acids from 22-66 weeks of age.**

It’s difficult to differentiate the effect of supplementary protein from the effect of limiting amino acids, particularly methionine, lysine, and tryptophan, in broiler breeder chickens (Harms, 1992). At peak production, a CP intake of 16 g per bird per day were accompanied with intakes of 944 mg of methionine + cysteine and 1,312 mg of lysine per bird per day, was sufficient to ensure egg production. In fact, the present study discovered that these birds had superior egg production persistency than birds on higher-CP diets, especially in the later stages of egg production.

Excess protein in a low-energy diet has been observed to be dissipated as heat after intake, suggesting that a high protein content in broiler feed isn’t beneficial. This indicates that there is a threshold at which the protein content as a nutrient is no longer acceptable (Si et al., 2001), and thus no good results in terms of growth and other performance metrics are anticipated. The increased feed intake observed in broilers given the diet which is high in energy and low in protein, throughout both the starter and finisher phases, resulting in larger cell mass and volume. Low-energy, low-protein combination diets could be fed to broiler chickens in order to maintain an adequate balance of calorie and protein ratio to get satisfying performance, which is beneficial given the poultry industry’s feed shortage. For 8-35 days, dietary exogenous proteases supplementation in a low-protein diet will increase broiler growth performance, nutritional digestibility and physiological response and can be introduced to improve production efficiency. Whitehead et al. (1985) found that a 13.7 percent protein breeder diet resulted in a considerable increase of saleable chicks per breeder when compared to a 16.8 percent protein breeder diet (Table 3).

**Table 3: Effect of dietary protein levels on broiler breeder performance (26 to 60 weeks age).**

Selected and rearranged data from Whitehead et al. (1985).

Effect of a low protein diet on chicken’s microbiome

Feed conversion rate was considerably higher in the finisher phase in birds low-protein diet. Reduced crude protein intake (i.e., 82 g/bird during the rearing period) in broilers enhances Lactobacillaceae abundance in the ceca, which appears to be associated with a higher feed conversion rate. Lactobacillus, according to the scientists, can protect the gut against infections and promote effective food and energy extraction in the host.

Effect of low protein diet on immune system

Furthermore, total leukocyte levels in the blood at day 35 were greater in the low-protein diet, the potential advantages of immunological alterations caused by low-protein in the starting phase may help vaccination strategies, disease resistance to various types of field relevant infections, or growth performance recovery post-challenge would be beneficial to the industry.

Effect of low protein diet on nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions

Broiler and commercial layer chickens excrete 50 to 65 percent of their nutritional nitrogen, as a result, nitrogen overloading in poultry diets continues to be a serious problem that endangers the environment. Nutrition has a lot of potential, and one of the most efficient ways to minimize emissions is to feed low-protein diets. The major objective in this area is to determine the rate of protein reduction that does not adversely influence production qualities and, in certain cases, can even reduce feeding expenses. Low protein diets had the same digestible lysine content and followed the “optimal protein principle” guidelines were able to accomplish a 2% protein reduction without impairing production attributes. Ferket et al. (2002) found that decreasing dietary crude protein levels and optimizing synthetic amino acid supplementation can substantially decrease nitrogen excretion. In younger broilers, feeding low-protein diets resulted in larger N-excretion decrease. In 24-day-old broiler, a 1% protein reduction reduces N excretion by 17.6%, while in 40-day-old broiler, it decreases by 11.5 percent (Table 4).Effect of low protein diet on immune system.

**Table 4: Effect of % protein decrease in diet of chicken on N-excretion and on the ratio of the urinary and fecal N-excretion.**

Conclusion:

A low-protein diet should not be one that fails to provide the critical amino acid requirements of animals, causing them to perform poorly. However, if the quality of the protein and its amino acid profile are not taken into account, the lower quantity of dietary protein may be deleterious in some situations. It was shown that by using protein sources that provide the appropriate amounts and proportions of methionine and lysine, it is feasible to lower 2-4 percent of diet protein without compromising weight increase or feed conversion. In order to fulfill the ever-increasing demand for poultry meat in the most sustainable way possible, approaches utilizing crystalline amino acids or exogenous protease added to low-protein diets, the latter being the more recent trend, have become standard industry practice.

Author: Dr. Neelam Chaudhary

Title Image Credit: Evgeniy Kazantsev Shutterstock.com

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