The unparalleled Digital Event for Business Growth in Animal Protein Production is taking off 22-24 September 2021
Learn, network & make deals at V-Connect Asia Edition. Join for free now.
Every professional along the feed-to-food value chain can unlock substantial business growth by attending this 3-day B2B digital event by VIV worldwide. V-Connect Asia Edition takes place 22-24 September, providing the industry with top relevant industry updates and a convenient networking opportunity despite travel limitations in Asia.
Visitors will enjoy the exclusive chance to meet online with 300+ exhibiting profiles presenting their latest products and solutions, and attend 20+ informative professional content sessions by high-level international speakers and influencers across the livestock network. The newly designed V-Connect.net platform will receive all attendees in a single digital space accessible with just a few clicks upon free event registration at https://www.databadge.net/viva2021/reg/?card=20105811
Exciting online Conference Program with 20+ high-level sessions to gain valuable knowledge
What is the future of alternative proteins in Asia? And the region’s next evolution in insect-based ingredients for livestock and aquaculture? What are the latest developments in animal health & nutrition, feed, micro-ingredients and additive management? How is farm production embracing cage-free solutions in Asia? And what are the new, advanced technologies for sustainable future food production?
These topics and many more will be covered by 40+ international experts invited to share their knowledge and updates at the V-Connect Asia Edition event. Moreover, insightful market trends and regulations will be disclosed through dedicated sessions such as: Asian Veterinarians’ AMR Action Plan by FAO-FAVA-PVMA-JVMA-VNU, and Sustainable From Feed To Food: Keeping Up in A Greening World co-organized by the British Embassy.
Inspiring technical sessions on smart farming and optimized solutions in poultry systems, including the women empowering series focusing on Thai women leaders, are further highlights of the rich content program on offer by V-Connect Asia Edition suppliers and partners. The complete sessions overview is available on www.v-connect.net/asia-edition.
Discuss business Deals with feed to food Global Suppliers
With V-Connect Asia Edition, participants will be able to easily interact with 300+ exhibiting profiles from over 40 countries. These suppliers represent every industry sector across animal husbandry and livestock production including feed & feed processing, feed ingredients & additives, animal health & pharmaceutical products, breeding & hatching, farm production, slaughtering/ processing/ food engineering and logistics/ handling/ packaging/ refrigeration solutions.
Market leaders contributing to this event as sponsors include CJ BIO APAC CO., LTD., Munters Company Ltd., Bioproton Pty Ltd, CHORE-TIME, Alltech, United Ivory Sdn.Bhd., Atacama Bio Natural Products S.A., DACS A/S, Ceva Animal Health Asia and Ceva Ecat-iD Campus. Their product highlights are available on the event website, as is the registration link for getting in touch with them and many more suppliers.
The V-Connect platform breaks new ground with AI-powered matchmaking to guide all attendees to meet with relevant exhibitors. Intuitive search filters can be used to select suppliers and embark on new ventures. Moreover, real-time engagement features such as 1:1 meetings or group meetings in virtual lounges, and voice/video call in-system functions will transform this online event experience into a pleasant and fruitful business journey.
The VIV worldwide network in Asia is gathering online. Don’t miss out.
In preparation for this #1 Digital B2B networking event for Asia’s feed-to-food industry, V-Connect’s organizing team is working with around 100 top Asian regional partners of the VIV Asia established network, inviting valuable profiles to attend and engage in business. V-Connect works with association, conference and media partners to ensure a vast collaboration between global and regional players.
As a result, top suppliers, Asian buyers and livestock experts are now on V-Connect preparing for 3 days filled with learning, networking and deal-making business opportunities. If you haven’t yet created your free online profile, you can do so now. Register via https://www.databadge.net/viva2021/reg/?card=20105811, log into the system, add your profile details and preferences, request meetings and book sessions. Meet the industry online!
VIV worldwide and its partners look forward to welcoming you from 22-24 September for this incredible business opportunity on V-Connect Asia Edition. Strike new partnerships, engage new audiences and cultivate future profitability across Asia and the world. Discover more and begin your journey today.
Inaugural Address: Mr. Vijay Teng, President, Indian Federation of Animal Health Companies (INFAH).
Organizer: Dr. Mahesh P.S. Joint Commissioner & Director, CPDO&TI.
Coorganizer: Dr. Vijay Makhija, General Secretary, Indian Federation of Animal Health Companies (INFAH).
Three eminent speakers to speak on practical experiences.
1.” *Immunity simplified” Understanding Immunity development after vaccination.
2.” Data management and traceability” – Tracking for effective decisions.
3.” Food safety in chicken and Egg“- creating safe Chicken and Egg
Expert delegates of INFAH will deliberate in panel Discussion.
Secretary General WPSA is special Invitee .
On behalf of CPDO&TI and INFAH we invite you all to participate.
The Tokyo Olympics has been special for several reasons as it comes in the midst of pandemic and has seen best performance of our contingent. I am not a sports analyst and I intend to write about what management lessons could we learn from Olympics.
I am sharing these lessons through stories.
1. No substitute for Preparation, focus and hard work – Look at our women hockey team. They started their intense preparations about a year back. They did a break down of all small things that will help them to be successful. They worked on Stamina, Endurance, speed, Aerial shot, ball control, running fast etc. and held focused training sessions. PV Sindhu worked muscle by muscle. She did workouts to strengthen the muscle that helps her jump in the court, helps her lunge forward to reach the net and the agility to cover the court. She too worked on her mental toughness through relaxation exercises, swimming. Results are there to see. Playing in such energy sapping conditions, against stronger opponents, our teams made the country proud. If we want to be successful, we also need to break that down to the smallest of things and make improvements in each of them through focused work. For more on this please read the book “Atomic habits”.
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2. Believe in your abilities – Our badminton doubles pair of Chirag Shetty and Rankireddy were playing against the top ranked Chinese Taipei duo who have a superior track record. Nothing deterred them in putting their best and defeating them. Alexander Zeyerev was up against the top seed Novak Djokovic. Zeyerev is criticised for not being mentally tough as he had given away his two set advantage against Dominic Theim in US open finals last year. But he believed in his abilities and went on to unleash of barrage of forehand and backhand shots to demolish the top ranked Serb. He went on to bag the gold medal too, only the second German after Steffi Graph. Similarly we too need to believe on our ability and just focus on giving our best without spending our energies on the the opponents. The more we work on our abilities, higher are the chances.
3. Too much competition leads to stress and ruins our happiness – One of the memorable instances happened in High Jump. Barshim of Qatar and Tamberi of Italy were tied at 2.37m after three failed attempts each at 2.39. Officials asked for a jump off to decide the winner by which Tamberi withdrew citing an injury. What Barshim said was “Could we share gold” which was accepted. Given the intense rivalry between these two athletes who never won Gold at olympics, Barshim could have half gold medal. But he did not see Tamberi as a competitor and was looking at win win. Today rival automobile companies are collaborating and sharing products/technologies to create a symbiotic growth. How often we tend to compete with our own colleagues across functions in our own organization? For not serving customer on time, we blame Manufacturing, manufacturing blames Supply chain and they blame finance. This win lose, lose lose game does not help anyone. Focus on how you could collaborate and ensure everyone emerges successful.
4.No short cut to success. Anyone indulging in wrongdoing will be caught some day or other and it will hurt – 2012 London Olympics saw a record number of 135 athletes, 39 medalist’s (13 of them had won Gold) testing positive for prohibited substances. 65 of them were caught in re testing. Authorities decided to keep the samples for 10 years to help detect substances through new technologies in future as doping was becoming very scientific. A very curious case was of Russian wrestler (late) Besik Kudukhov whose sample was found positive for banned substance in retesting in 2016, good 4 years after the event and three years after his untimely death. Yogeshwar Dutt became eligible for Silver but he did not want it and said let Kudukhov family retain the medal. Family was able to retain the medal on compassionate grounds but not the reputation. Similarly any wrong doing, unethical practices, not adhering to accounting standards may go undetected for sometime but eventually will be caught some day or other and it will hurt us very badly.
Life is a wonderful journey if we learn continuously and become better on an everyday basis. James Clear, the author of book , Atomic Habits says “The secret of getting results that last is to never stop making improvements” … true.
About author: Mr. Pattabiraman Nagarajan is a HR professional, Consultant, trainer and an ICF certified coach. Has managed organization change and aligned HR practices to ensure business growth. He holds master degree in Social work and a PG Diploma in Business Management from IIM Trichy. He could be reached at npattabiraman@relyonus.in
VICTAM Asia in co-location with Health & Nutrition Asia are planned on September 7-9, 2022.
Due to the ongoing worldwide pandemic, the management teams of VICTAM Corporation and VIV worldwide have decided to postpone VICTAM Asia and Health & Nutrition Asia in Bangkok to the third quarter of 2022.
The current situation is still not as optimal as it was estimated. Above all, the health of exhibitors and visitors and the successful outcome of the event are most important to the organizers.
In light of the recent increase in COVID-19 cases, which has forced the Royal Thai Government to implement new strict measures to control the spread of the pandemic, and the delays of the vaccination programs in several Asian countries, VICTAM and VIV do not see the opportunity to realize a large-scale event on the short term. Looking at the ongoing travel restrictions from and to Asia, the organizers also believe that it is not possible to guarantee the event quality as we know them for. The postponement to the third quarter of 2022 is in the interest of the whole industry.
VICTAM Asia in co-location with Health & Nutrition Asia are rescheduled to September 7-9, 2022. The new venue selected is IMPACT Halls 9-10, in Bangkok, Thailand. The objective remains the same: to realize the Total Animal Feed and Health event.
The dates secured in September 2022 will give all stakeholders room to breathe and pay attention to other vital issues. The organizers’ mission is to present a strong, value-adding event to the industry with high benefits for all parties.
VICTAM Corporation and VIV worldwide will also continue their partnership in Europe in 2022 by co-locating VICTAM International and VIV Europe at the Jaarbeurs venue in Utrecht, the Netherlands, from May 31 – June 2, 2022. With the high percentage of vaccinations in Europe there is no reason to doubt that this show can successfully go on as planned.
PRESS RELEASE: CLFMA organized a webinar on “Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF)” in association with the Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying on 28th July 2021. Dr. O.P. Chaudhary, Joint Secretary (NLM/PC) Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India, Dr. S.K. Dutta, Joint Commissioner, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India, Dr. Lipi Sairiwal Assistant Commissioner, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India, Shri. Sadique Akhtar, Team Leader, PMA (Manager, Grant Thornton Bharat LLP), Shri. Udit Paliwal, Program Management Expert, PMA (Consultant, Grant Thornton Bharat LLP) from GOI showed their valuable presence for the Webinar. Dr. O.P. Chaudhary, Joint Secretary (NLM/PC), Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India was unable to connect the Webinar.
CLFMA’s Second Online Webinar on the AHIDF with Government of India started with Opening Remarks & Introduction by Dr. S.K. Dutta, Joint Commissioner, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India. He briefed on the AHIDF (Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Scheme) of Rs.15000 Crores, under which, animal feed component was also included. He said that, the scheme enables the beneficiary to take the benefit of 90% the loan from the Bank, on which, 3% interest subvention is provided by the GOI., apart from this there is also a provision for availing 25% of the total borrowings as credit guarantee.
A short movie on AHIDF scheme was played during the Webinar to give a glimpse of the entire Scheme. Shri. Sadique Akhtar, Team Leader extended his thanks to the participants. He welcomed Shri. Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Hon’ble Chairman of CLFMA. Shri. Suresh Deora, Hon’ble Secretary of CLFMA. He has also thanked Mr. Divya Kumar Gulati, Dy. Chairman of CLFMA and all the participants & Dr. Lipi Sairiwal, Assistant Commissioner, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India to participate in this program. He welcomed all the participants and the member of CLFMA for giving their valuable time to participate in the webinar.
Chairman, Mr. Neeraj Kumar Srivastava introducing CLFMA OF INDIA to the panelists and participants and gave a presentation on “Emerging Trend and Prospects of Feed Manufacturing”. He said that, CLFMA was very enthusiastic about this Webinar as the AHIDF scheme of Rs.15,000 Crores floated by GOI., and the same is very beneficial for the upliftment of the Livestock Industry.
He also briefed on CLFMA policy, which included three core values viz.
Membership Value
Visibility and Credibility of the Organization
The recognition and influence.
Chairman, Mr. Neeraj Kumar Srivastava also briefed on the Poultry Feed Scenario & Industrial Scenario, current soaring price of the grains, especially the soybean meal & other protein sources which has created a huge havoc in the livestock industry. He gave an outlook of the challenges / difficulties faced by Livestock Sector during Covid 19, rising feed cost Post Covid-19 and gave the opinion of implementing better value chains, trainings, equipment, equipment’s, and employee’s safety.
He briefed on the pivotal role played by CLFMA for the upliftment and sustainability of compound feed industry and animal farmers, present ongoing trends and how the Livestock Industry could be helpful in reviving the Animal Husbandry Sector in the Country.
Dr. Lipi Sairiwal, Assistant Commissioner, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India explained AHIDF Guidelines and the entire process of application process in detail, which are available on the GOI.
She has also guided on how to apply for the loan to all the participants.
Shri. Udit Paliwal, Program Management Expert, Dr. Lipi Sairiwal, Assistant Commissioner, Dr. S.K. Dutta, Joint Commissioner, Shri. Sadique Akhtar, Team Leader interacted very well in Q&A Session with the participants and tried to resolve every question and for any further queries, they requested to contact either CLFMA OF INDIA or directly on the website, where contact details are available, so that they can try to handhold and help the related stakeholders.
Closing Remark was made by Shri. Suresh Deora, Hon. Secretary of CLFMA. He said the, AHIDF fund was a very good project for people in Industry whether they are Farmers, Section 8 companies, Proprietor, Partnership Firm, etc., as they can avail interest subvention of 3% on 90% of the Loan. He appreciated Dr. Lipi Sairiwal for presenting the detailed guidelines of the scheme.
He suggested the Government of India to consider the following requests to be included under the scheme:
Please expand the scope of the Scheme;
To add some more products like feed supplements and additives, by pass fat, breeder broiler and hatchery farms;
To link up this scheme with CGTME scheme. Where, there is a non-collateral loan up to Rs.2 Crores & he said that, if this scheme is combined with CGTME Scheme CLFMA will be very grateful to the whole Ministry.
Mr. Suresh Deora, Hon. Secretary CLFMA extended thanks to everyone on behalf of himself and CLFMA for organizing this webinar & requested Dr. S K Dutta, Joint Commissioner that Government of India shall consider CLFMA’s requests.
Vote of thanks was proposed by Shri. Sadique Akhtar, Team Leader, PMA (Manager, Grant Thornton Bharat LLP). Total participation for the Webinar was 150 & 63 participants registered for the same.
Source: CLFMA of India
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For Webinar announcement details & program schedule, click HERE
Enzymes increase nutrients available in feed ingredients. Since enzymes are substrate specific, the benefit of the enzyme in the diet is dependent on the mix of raw materials and the amount of substrate available.
Dr. Koushik De, Director-Technical Services, SCA Novus International
Assessment of added value of enzymes isn’t simple. The most accurate method is to use in vivo techniques with animals consuming semi-purified diets. Using this method, the direct effect of an enzyme can be understood for each raw material. As this method is expensive and not available to do it for everybody, the matrix approach based on nutrients contribution values given by the supplier has been widely adopted to evaluate an enzyme.
Using a set of nutrient matrix values for an enzyme is a practical approach and providing unique matrix values to a given enzyme ensures it can be applied simply to any kind of diet, regardless of the raw materials or the amount of substrate. This approach has been easy to adopt in practical formulations but has consistently demonstrated enzymes failing to meet expectations. These failures have been due to the lack of or an excess of substrate, and/or over-formulation.
When evaluating enzymes, a few concepts need to be made clear:
Substrate: the specific substance on which an enzyme act
Enzyme Effect: nutrients that a given enzyme will make available due to the direct enzymatic effect and the additional benefits accrued by the reduction of the substrate in the diet
Avoid over-formulation: enzymes need “nutritional space” to express and thus diets need to be near the deficiency point to make a good estimation of the enzyme’s potential.
Trials for evaluating enzymes
The test of an enzyme requires being aggressive in the formulation and pushing the limits. Under-performing chickens will help provide a better evaluation of the enzymes and understand how accurate the formulation is.
Challenge Model: In this model, the diet with significant reduction of nutrients, that the enzyme will liberate and make available to the birds, needs to be formulated. Different enzymes can then be added on top.
Table 1: Challenge Model-Protease-10% reduction of the CP & AA from the specifications.
Objectives of the trial:
“AA room” is created for enzymes to show their potential.
Each supplier has different recommendations of how proteases affect the feed. This trial allows simplifying the comparison.
Proteases can’t increase the AA digestibility 10% linearly. As a result, the AA ratio will be unbalanced and subsequently the performance of negative control as well as treatments will be lower than that of the control group.
The most aggressive protease will have the best performance compared to T2.
If any of the enzyme groups shows the same performance as the control group (T1), it signals some over formulation as no protease can increase 10% linearly on all the AA.
Response Model:
The model is a variation of the ‘Challenge model’ discussed in the previous section. In this model, two control diets will be used; the current diet (this group is optional if there aren’t enough treatments) and a diet group with anywhere between 5% to 10% lower AA specifications. The control 2 specifications will be used for the treatment groups. There will be a reformulation following the matrix value recommendation of each protease supplier.
Table 2: Response Model – Diet reformulation
Objectives of the trial:
Having T1 compared to T2 will assist in acknowledging any over-formulation or amino acid imbalance.
Having lower specifications in AA and CP creates enough space for the enzyme to express to potential.
This design allows each supplier to give their ideal recommendations.
If the enzyme recommendation is too aggressive, the enzyme group will clearly show lower performance than T2 as long as there is a gap of performance between T1 and T2.
If the enzyme recommendation is conservative and the enzyme can deliver additional benefits it will be reflected in greater performance than T2 as long as there is a gap of performance between T1 and T2.
Ricky Thaper- Treasurer Poultry Federation of India
When the animal feed prices rose sharply because of huge spike in soybean meal prices, all the trade bodies associated with poultry, fisheries and dairying industries met up with the key officials and Ministers of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Fisheries, Finance, Commerce & Industry, Agriculture, Consumer Affairs and Environment, Forest & Climate change, for ensuring imports of soybean meal so that domestic prices are curbed. The officials with the key ministries and ministers responded swiftly to the request to save livestock farmers and the industry.
Recent few weeks have witnessed hectic activities especially amongst the poultry, fisheries and dairies industries which has been hit hard by sharp spike in feed prices especially due to increase in soybean meal rates, a key source of protein used in the livestock feed.
The prices rise in the recent months have been so sharp that it has pushed up the cost of production and thus causing losses to poultry, aqua and dairy farmers. The officials from the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce and Industry and Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate change have conducted a series of meetings with delegations from All India Poultry Breeders Association, CLFMA, PFI, Fish Feed Manufacturers Association and livestock sector representatives to find a solution for addressing the sharpest spike in prices of feed in the recent years.
The rise in prices of soybean meal and maize have pushed up the cost of production. In the poultry sector both in the case of broiler (meat) and layer (for egg production), cost of feed constitutes around 65% to70% of cost of production, continuing to rise relentlessly for the last few months.
According to Mr. Bahadur Ali. Chairman, All India Poultry Breeder Association, the prices of soybean meal, has seen the sharpest increase in recent years. In July, 2021, the average price of soybean meal was Rs 85,000 per tonne against Rs 32,300 per tonne prevailed a year back and even in 2019, the prices were at a similar level. (refer table below). For other months, the prices in 2020 and 2019 have been in the range of Rs 33,500 – Rs 35,500 per ton.
Soybean meal price trend (Rs / Ton)
Source: All India Poultry Breeder Association, (prices excluding 5% GST)
The spike in Soybean meal prices have been mainly because of rise in soybean seed prices as mentioned in the table below.
Soybean seed prices trend (Rs / Ton)
Source: All India Poultry Breeder Association, (prices excluding 5% GST)
Corresponding feed prices in case of poultry has risen from Rs 32,000 per ton prevailed in July, 2020 to Rs 48,000 per ton in July, 2021 thus pushing the cost of production of and poultry meat.
According to the Industry estimate, by the end of August, 2021, the feed price could rise to Rs 50,000 – 54,000 per ton if the steps to import around 12Lakh tonne of soybean meal till India’s new crop arrives by middle of October are not taken. Both the domestic prices of soybean seed and soybean meal are around 2 time costlier than the global prices.
“Due to the increase in soybean, feed prices have increased. Resultantly, the poultry farmers, and fish & shrimp farmers finding it very difficult to do placement of chicks as well as fish & shrimp. The officials from Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) on request of Industry had written letter to the Director General of Foreign Trade, Department of Commerce, requesting for import of 12Lakh tons of soybean meal till October, 2021 when new kharif crops arrive in the domestic market.
According to the Mr. Gulrez Alam, Secretary, All-India Poultry Breeder Association (AIPBA), this wide discrepancies in the production estimate of soybean by the Government as well as SOPA has led to the current crisis of supply of soybean meal. This has pushed up the cost of production for poultry, fish, shrimp, cattle and dairy farmers hugely leading to rise in prices.
According to Industry data, the annual requirement of soybean by the poultry sector (60Lakh tons), shrimp feed (4.5Lakh tons), fish feed (3Lakh tons) and dairy and direct animal feeding (5Lakh tons). The total soybean meal demand for animal feeding is 72.5Lakh ton.
Prompt actions by the government for initiating imports of soybean meal:
In anticipation of an emerging crisis caused by high soybean meal prices, officials of the various trade organizations and other stakeholders along with Mr. Bahadur Ali, Chairman AIPBA, met Shri Parshottam Rupala, Honourable Union Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries requesting him facilitate import of atleast 12Lakh tons of soybean meal on an urgent basis.
Trade organizations and other stakeholders along with Mr. Bahadur Ali, Chairman AIPBA, met Shri Parshottam Rupala, Honourable Union Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries requesting him facilitate import of atleast 12 Lakh tons of soybean meal on an urgent basis.
Delegation of All India Poultry Breeders Association, Compound Livestock Feed Manufacturers Association and Poultry Federation of India and other Industry representatives from livestock industries met several key ministers Shri Om Birla, Speaker, Lok Sabha, Shri Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Shri Bhupinder Yadav, Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Dr. Sanjeev Balyan, Minister of State of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Shri Som Prakash, Minister of State of Commerce and Industry, Dr Bhagwat Karad, Minister of State of Finance and Dr L. Morgan, Minister of State for Fisheries for drawing attention towards sharp spike in feed prices and requesting them for allowing imports of soybean meal on an urgent basis.
Poultry Industry Delegation met Dr. Sanjeev Balyan, Honourable Union Minister of State of Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
Poultry, Aqua and Shrimp Industry Delegation had a series of meetings with Shri Som Prakash, Honourable Union Minister of State of Commerce and Industry
Mr. Bahadur Ali, Chairman AIPBA along with Poultry and Aqua Delegation, called on Shri Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of Commerce and Industry in the Parliament House with the request to facilitate import of atleast 12 Lakh tons of soybean meal on an urgent basis.
Poultry Associations and Industry Delegation called on Dr Bhagwat Karad, Honourable Union Minister of State of Finance.
Poultry, Aqua and Shrimp Industry Delegation with Dr L. Morgan, Honourable Union Minister of State for Fisheries
Meanwhile, in a communication, Mr. K Gulte, Economic Adviser, asked Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, to Department of Commerce, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Department of Revenue and Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, to facilitate immediate import of 12Lakh tons of soybean meal.
All the trade representatives as well as stakeholders worked in close coordination to ensure that the government agencies apprised about soybean meal supply crisis and the government officials and ministers heading key ministries responded in a positive manner to ensure that the necessary instructions were issued for import of soybean meal. This close coordination between various departments and trade representatives would continue to be maintained for ensuring health growth of livestock sector.
I would like to state that one of our very dear friend and North India poultry feed industry’s dynamic personality, Shri Ashish Gupta, Managing Director, Sampoorna Feeds Pvt. Ltd, who had actively participated in most of the meetings with the key ministries in Delhi, for getting the import of soybean meal, passed away recently. Shri Ashish Gupta was actively associated with the welfare of North India poultry farmers and he always stood for the betterment of livestock industry.
May Almighty Rest his soul in peace and give strength to the family members, friends, near and dears ones, to bear this irreparable and untimely loss.
EVENT EXCERPTS: Natural is future 2.0is a webinar series powered by Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. Eminent speakers across the globe are invited to share their thoughts on the most relevant topics of the animal health industry. In June, Mr. Peter Chrystal, the world-renowned expert in poultry nutrition was invited. He has about forty years of experience in the field of both broiler and broiler breeder nutrition. His discussion was aimed at providing hands-on practical perspectives in the management of modern broiler breeders, how to overcome challenges, and to take up opportunities to help the poultry farming community.
Peter Chrystal
Mr. Peter Chrystal started his talk by pointing to the fact, how the physiology of the broiler birds has changed over the past 60 years. The modern broilers are a product of genetic selection for the desired traits of rapid growth with a low-fat deposition. Unfortunately, this is the opposite of what is desired in a broiler breeder and hence the challenges going forward. To tackle the faster growth rate broiler breeders need to be on increased feed restriction, and second, body fat deposition, which is essential for breeder birds, has gone down drastically over the years; this creates problems when birds are at peak production.
He emphasized the two critical stages during the rearing of broiler breeders. First, at nine weeks, which is important for skeletal development, and the second at post-light-up, where it is important to ensure that the females have enough fat pad. Since approximately 20% of the peak, egg laid number is mobilized from the body fat whereas 80% comes from the lipids in the feed. If the bird goes to full peak and doesn’t have enough reserves, it will be unable to perform well at peak.
Bringing the focus to lighting he mentioned that breeders are photorefractory, that is to say, they don’t respond to light until such time that they are mature enough to respond. Hence, during rearing, one either should decline the light or keep the day length constant before light stimulation. This presents challenges, particularly if birds are reared in open-sided houses.
BIRDS DO NOT SEE LIGHT IN LUX, BUT CLUX OR GALLI-LUX.
The Mechanism of light stimulation- in the birds there is mostly hypothalamic stimulation rather than retinal stimulation. The birds do not see light in Lux but Clux or Galli-Lux. The hypothalamus is stimulated, which secretes the luteinizing hormone-releasing (LHR) hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH), which helps the growth of the follicles. The feedback mechanism of progesterone goes back to the hypothalamus. These rapid changes in the hormone levels are a stressful event, we should keep in mind that the birds are already on feed restriction too. He suggests that farm management must consider boosting vitamins such as α-tocopherol, herbal extract with antioxidant properties, carotenoids; phytogenic compounds that are anti-bacterial and improve gut health, so that they may stimulate feed intake, and also promote follicular development.
Managing ovarian function
Talking about managing ovarian function he mentioned the importance of critical balance between too many follicles or not enough follicles. Ideally, in a breeder bird autopsy, 5–7 large follicles must be seen while the small follicles should be numerous. With too many large follicles, birds will be at excellent peak production but with poor persistence, the causes could be that layers are over-feeding at the onset of lay or possibly improper light stimulation. With insufficient follicles, birds would get to normal peak production but with poor persistence. This is caused due to inadequate light stimulation, a higher incidence of atresia, or a normal decline in follicle number with age.
Photo-stimulation
He emphasized the importance of light-proof housing in other words light controlled housing in broiler breeders and the importance of sudden transition in light duration at 21st week. He explained in detail the effect of light stimulation and the drawbacks of some housing systems.
Practical feeding of breeders
According to him, birds with very little energy will go into negative energy balance; they will lose weight, production, and fertility. Whereas too much energy would lead to a high-fat deposition, causing oviduct problems, and can impact fertility (poor mating success).
He explained the relative energy demand of the birds with reference to age and development of the oviduct and growth of the birds. He showed the importance of maintaining a proper protein-to-energy ratio at different stages of growth and production by comparing results from different scientific publications. He addressed several participant queries as below.
How does debeaking affect production in breeders?
He spoke from his experience and mentioned that if debeaking is performed properly without damaging the tongue, it does not affect the production at all. They routinely use infra-red treatment and they don’t see any impact on the production, but if the birds are stressed during the debeaking process or the debeaking itself is not performed well, it may have an impact on feeding and in turn the performance. He also pointed out that the age when debeaking is performed is important if debeaking is performed on day-old birds with the infrared method, rarely much impact is seen, while a hot blade cut might create problems when not performed well.
What is the role of body weight and feed intake after photo stimulation on ovarian function, at the first egg in broiler breeder females?
According to him, every flock is different. If the flock is underweight and not ready for sexual maturity and photo-stimulation, there would be a problem if we tried to peak feed it. If the flock is mature and ready to be photo-stimulated, one can go to peak feed and wouldn’t face any problems since she’ll respond amicably. Overfeeding when the flock is not ready for it then one would see prolapse, double yolks even in pullets. It all depends on whether the bird is ready for stimulation of feed and it is a hard question to answer since each flock is very different.
Do you recommend the usage of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes or protease enzymes in the broiler breeder diet? If so, is it a growing trend?
He mentioned that he would use an NSP enzyme, the reason being if one is using rice bran or wheat bran in their diet, it evens out the energy of the grain. But it probably has less effect on maize and wheat-based diets. He also suggested the use of a phytase as a single dose, but not a protease.
What is the solution to control multiple ovulations in broiler breeders, apart from feed restriction?
He opined that there isn’t another solution, apart from feed restriction. But he says that there are 2 problems with open-sided houses, during long day length birds would have been over-stimulated, so the only choice one has got is to hold back on the feed. The only other answer would be to go for light-tight housing. If one can’t control the light the only other thing that can be controlled is feed.
How can we prevent oviduct prolapse and egg yolk peritonitis? Are there any predisposing factors to be kept in mind?
He had a clear answer that forced light stimulation before sexual maturity is the reason for prolapse.
Rectal prolapse is seen as early as 4 weeks of age; the role of light might not have a reason in this situation.
He suggested that the dietary fibre is probably high in these cases, hence restricting a maximum of 2.5%-3% crude fibre, especially in the first 5 weeks, would help avoid rectal prolapse.
How do we manage low bodyweight birds to increase their weight to become good layers?
He suggested that a three-way grading must be performed. In the first grading at 4th week the chicks with low body weight should be separated and fed extra, to bring the body weight in line. By the 9th week when the second grading happens, the small birds must be able to get back to the average weight. He opines that in practice reducing weight in heavier birds poses a bigger problem rather than weight gain for lighter birds.
How much should be the maximum bodyweight that we can be permitted above the standard in laying birds that don’t affect production? Is there an upper cap?
According to his experience and a recent scientific article about 150-200 g above the standard has not shown any problems with egg production, except one could expect larger-sized eggs early on.
In the breeders on the onset of lay, we notice calcium tetany cases, what is your opinion?
He points out that he doesn’t believe in feeding a pre-layer diet. But sometimes the farms start feeding a layer diet weeks before the birds are due to lay their first egg. If high levels of calcium are being fed even 1.5% in a typical pre-layer is far too much. He recommends keeping the calcium low, and when the birds go on to lay (about a week before) only then should the birds be shifted on to a layer ration. It is unlikely to notice calcium tetany if this is followed.
How to reduce leg weakness and cage layer fatigue in broiler breeder females? Can we limit the lighting duration to 14 h a day in open-sided sheds as a remedy for this?
According to Mr. Peter Chrystal, leg weakness is not directly related to the length of light. Two-phase layer diet; bring the available phosphorus down as bird’s age and calcium levels must go up. Excess calcium may create more problems than it solves. One shouldn’t see any issues even with a 16 h day length provided that the dietary calcium and available phosphorus are provided correctly. Calcium levels must be going from 3.8-3.9% up to 4.3% at finishing whereas the available phosphorus should be going down from 0.45% to as low as 0.35% at the tail-end and these issues may not occur from a calcium-phosphorus point of view.
Mycoplasma infection is there any chemical or salt that can be used in breeders to control this. He suggests that Macrolide drugs at low doses could be used. But there is resistance to using these drugs in Australia and hence they have been using phytogenic compounds, to boost the bird’s immunity to fight the disease.
Could you shed some light on the usage of potassium carbonate in the breeder layer diet?
Mr. Peter Chrystal suggested that he has used potassium carbonate on and off when they have encountered sudden death syndrome associated with low potassium levels. He recommends that in a hot humid climate there is a need to ensure enough potassium, especially if the diet has low Soya, which is rich in potassium. About 0.6-0.8% potassium should be maintained, no harm supplementing it.
Is there a particular recommended feeding time for broiler breeders?
Ideally, farms could feed the birds twice a day, one in the early morning and another in the afternoon with high calcium. He says he hasn’t seen any difference in the performance of the birds if they were fed before or after lights-on, it is a pattern that the birds get used to. But what is more important is for the manager to be present when the birds are feeding. But he recommends that feeders be charged before lights, in the dark so that the noise doesn’t get the birds excited.
In a particular case, about 80% of birds showed typical T-2 Mycotoxin lesions such as oral ulcers, tongue necrosis, but feed samples tested negative for T-2 toxin. Is there any other reason that this may be happening?
He suggests that the T-2 toxins are powerful; they may occur in pockets in the feed. Sometimes sampling out of a big batch may not be easy and T-2 mycotoxins might not show up in the test analysis. However, the birds are the best indicators of the existence of these mycotoxins. Mycotoxins also conjugate, and hence may show negative results when feed is analysed. But if the birds are showing lesions on the tongue and mouth it is possible that the T-2 toxin is present, and one must treat it with a targeted toxin binder in such cases.
Is excess fat in the grower and pre-layer diet good for peak production?
Birds deposit one-third of the fat that it ingests as body lipid. This is a rule of metabolism. It helps have some fat in the diet, but not so much that we are overfeeding energy. He suggests around 7.5-10L per ton, about 1% added fat, not any more than that.
For supplementing dietary electrolyte balance is it better to use sodium formate instead of Sodium bicarbonate?
He recommends sodium bicarbonate is better, bicarbonate ions are needed in the diet. Sodium formate is a salt of an organic acid so it dissociates easily.
Breeders are fed phase-wise; will delay in the transition from one phase to another affect the production?
Mr. Peter Chrystal answers from his experience that breeder birds don’t like to change, any big changes can lead to performance losses. He prefers to keep an early lay to a late lay diet excluding a mid-lay diet. Keeping the diets similar is important. What he recommends is to keep the energy identical, minor acid profile identical, reducing crude protein in the second phase, changing the calcium and available phosphorus. The diets must fit very closely together, birds don’t realize that they have been moved from one diet to another, and there will be no upsets. It is generally a good practice to bring in the new diet while you still have old feed below, and if the phasing happens over ten days it is ideal since it is the amount of time it takes for the follicles to develop fully, by which time she is used to the phase over.
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Synopsis: Understanding the role of water activity in maintaining the vital nutrients and protecting it from the microorganisms will be probably the most significant advancement made by poultry feed manufacturers. Water activity (aw) is one of the most critical factors for determining the quality and safety of feed and grain. It quantifies the amount of “free” water available in materials for use by microorganisms and chemical agents.
About the author
Dr. Naveen Kumar
Dr Naveen Kumar , B.V.Sc & A.H (Gold Medalist), M.V.Sc (IVRI, Bareilly) is a food & oil seed grains storage specialist and a finished feed quality expert for Asian and other tropical countries. He also Business Director of Delst Asia and is located in Faridabad, India. He can be reached at naveensharma21@gmail.com.
To face up to the extremely challenging tropical hot and humid weather condition, maintaining overall grain quality over storage requires an in-depth understanding of the sciences involving:
Water activity, Moisture movement
Good silo design and good silo management program
Intake grain quality and length of storage.
This article focusses on Water activity (aw), reasons for rot, Bio-deterioration, Moisture migration and Corrosion, Grain respiration, Shrinkage, Fungus and Mold and Insect infestation.
Charting Water Activity in Silos
Over the entire storage period, good quality grain will continue to degrade in quality. Grains degrade 10 times faster in the tropics due to the very adverse weather condition posed by hot scorching afternoon sun, the occasional burst of rain, high humidity and temperature difference between hot days and cold nights. At best, proper grain storage management can only help minimise the damage.
It only takes about 2-3 weeks for an onset of the many negative elements to start degrading the stored corn, and thereafter, rapidly worsening over time. Degradation in grain quality relates to nutrient degradation, bio-degradation, insect and mite infestation, physical structure damage, mold contamination and grain respiration, which leads to weight or moisture shrink. All these damaging losses has an economic impact and cannot be taken lightly.
What actually starts the rot?
Water activity (aw)
The most important property of water in food systems is the water activity (aw) of food. Water activity is the ratio of the vapor pressure of water in equilibrium with a food to the saturation vapor pressure of water at the same temperature. The water activity of a food describes the degree to which the water is “bound” in the food and hence its availability to act as a solvent and participate in chemical or biochemical reactions and the growth of microorganisms. It is an important property that can be used to predict the stability and safety of food with respect to microbial growth, rates of deterioration, chemical and physical properties (Mathlouthi, 2001).
At aw of 0.70 and above, mold starts to grow which inflicts great damage to the grain quality. The water activity and the propensity for mold growth increases with temperature (Tapia et al., 2020). Shelled corn can be safely stored for a year at a moisture content of 13% and a temperature of 10℃. However, the same corn stored at 32℃ can be substantially be damaged by mold within 2 months. This is why it is so much easier to store grains in the cold regions but extremely challenging in tropical regions.
Bio-deterioration
The inherent enzymes present in the seed causes bio-deterioration. The extent of deterioration depends upon the rate of enzyme activity, which is affected by free water and temperature. Biodeterioration results in degradation of nutrients and contamination with anti-nutritional factors.
Nutritional impairment in degraded corn during storage is of great consequence to the health, nutrition and performance of the animals, while directly affecting the profitability of an organization.
Moisture migration
This is the spark that starts the fire and all other problems we face with grain degradation. Moving free water that leached out of grains is the primary cause of grain degradation. This is a natural phenomenon due to the huge temperature difference between day and night throughout the storage period. The difference in temperature causes moisture to move from a region of higher temperature to lower temperature. Moisture will start to migrate if the difference of temperature variance is more than 5℃. The movement of free water is further assisted by convective air current flow inside the silo. This convection air flow moves free moisture to localise spot, and consequently increases water activity, promoting mold growth, insect, and mite infestation.
As steel is a good conductor of heat, the silo wall is easily affected by weather conditions, impacting grain temperature nearer to the wall.
In a cold weather scenario, the cold temperature outside the silo results in the grain and air nearer to the wall to be colder while the center is relatively warmer. This forms a convection air flow that moves downward alongside the wall through the grain. As the air current moves downward and up again through the warmer center, the air starts to warm up from the warm grains and picks up moisture. As warm air rises, it cools because of the colder temperature near the roof, resulting in condensation on the top of grain mass.
In a hot tropical weather scenario, the hot temperature outside the silo results in the grain and air nearer to the wall to be warmer while the center is relatively colder. This forms a convection air flow that moves upward alongside the wall through the grain. As the air current flows upward and down through the cooler center, the air starts to pick up moisture along the passage, leading to moisture condensation towards the bottom silo floor. This phenomenon is most commonly seen in tropical countries, where the silo external surface can be heated to approximately 60℃ in the afternoon and quickly cooled down to about 22-25℃ at night.
Left picture dictates air flow current in a cold weather scenario while Right picture shows air flow current in a hot tropical weather condition.
Moisture migration occurs quite readily in regions with extreme day and night temperature, as in the Middle East, harsh tropical and equatorial climates. Storing grains at 13-14% in cooler climates is fair game, but however, in hot climates, it is very challenging which involve a totally different approach.
Typically, free water in the grain mass tend to migrate towards the cooler areas in a silo, which is usually the shaded part from the sun, the floor and the lower half of the silo. This is where you will observe sweated patches clinging to the silo wall and at the bottom of silo after gravity unloading.
The increased aw from moisture migration supports microbial and micro-flora growth, leading to spontaneous heating and eventually causes grain respiration. Heavily contaminated caked layer adhering to the silo sidewall must be properly cleaned and disposed of to control corrosion, contamination in feed production and future seeding of problems.
Corrosion
Corrosion of galvanized steel silos is due primarily to moisture ingress and the consequent degradation of the sweated corn fermenting and producing a complex mixture of chemicals amongst which are formic and acetic acids, both of which are extremely aggressive and damaging on the galvanized coating protection layer, and eventually corroding the unprotected exposed steel surface.
Left picture shows corroded internal side wall of silo. Right picture depicts collapsed silo due to corrosion.
Worst- and best-case scenarios for continued exposure to damp corn predict that the total useful service life of the silos can be reduced by half if corrosion is left unchecked or proper remedial maintenance to the corroded surface is not looked into. Many silos failed because of corrosion and neglect.
Grain respiration
Grain respires once it detects sufficient heat and moisture. This is the reason why feed mills dread storing corn above 14% moisture content. The hot pounding tropical sun with its strong UV rays in the middle of noon will drastically increase the surface temperature of the upper part of silo to a temperature way above ambient temperature. Just like the car roof which gets heated up to a very high temperature from the hot afternoon sun which burns upon touching.
The increase in temperature leads to an increase in respiration rate and consequently shrinkage, especially in the tropics. When grain respire, starch and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide as well as water and heat, leading to the onset of even more aggressive and uncontrollable respiration.
Shrinkage
Shrinkage is physically noticeable and contributes to financial losses as weight loss in grain storage. However, in addition to weight loss, shrinkage causes irreversible changes to starch molecules, especially to amylose and protein matrixes that encapsulate individual starch granules within the endosperm of the corn kernel.
Depending on the grain intake moisture and storage time, moisture shrink can range from 0.5-3.0%, which is a substantial weight loss.
Moisture loss causes starch retrogradation, which limits digestibility and nutrient availability to the animal. This is an important factor why animal fed with fresh high moisture corn performs better than old dry corn. Shrinkage of corn due to moisture loss also has a negative impact on feed pelleting, since less moisture is being relayed to the compounded meal, resulting in poor steam conditioning and cooking of starch, a low degree of starch gelatinization and hence affecting the overall pellet quality.
Fungus and Mold
Fungus refers to a group of unicellular or multicellular organisms, which feed on organic matter. It includes mold, mushrooms and yeast. Fungus that are usually involved in deterioration of grain have been classified as field fungi, storage fungi, and advanced decay fungi depending on the time of their invasion and colonization of grains before or post-harvest (Afsah et al., 2013). Mold, are multicellular microscopic fungi, typically characterized by the presence of hyphae filaments. Their life cycle is divided into four phases: sporulation, germination, hyphal growth (vegetative growth) and reproduction. The spore stage is where a mold is dormant, allowing mold to endure harsh environments such as extreme temperature and dry conditions. Once mold spores obtain adequate nourishment and moisture, they will germinate and form hyphae. From this time onwards, fungi metabolize the grains by extracting the necessary nutrients and retaining moisture needed for growth, which ultimately poses a biosecurity threat to feed and animal (D’orazio, 2012).
In tropical conditions, Aspergillus spp. are prolific storage fungi in grains as it favours hot conditions with 13-20% moisture and relative humidity of 65-90% depending on the species. They can spontaneously produce heat up to 55°C, resulting in spontaneous heating in grain mass (Atanda et al., 2011). These molds are abundant in the environment and present on all corn kernels surface. It is important to control moisture and water activity to prevent mold proliferation and its damaging consequences. This mold is also often associated with granary weevil activities, which is usually an issue in long period storage.
Mold is a living organism and its growth is influenced by moisture, temperature, oxygen, and substrates. Moisture is the most critical among these factors. Mold unable to grow when the moisture in grains is less than 12%. When the moisture is increased above 12%, molds will start to germinate and grow. Molds proliferate when moisture is above 17% (D’orazio, 2012). Humidity affects grain moisture which makes it extremely challenging to store corn in bags or bulk in an open warehouse.
Molds not only produce mycotoxins but also damage and reduce the nutritional value of grains. Actively growing molds utilise carbohydrates present in grains to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat, leading to reduction of energy value and nutrients degradation of grains or feed.
It is difficult to control fungal contamination in well-dried shelled corn of 13-14% moisture, stored in a steel silo or as bags in a warehouse in tropical condition. Insect infestation due to moisture migration can also further contribute to temperature rise in grains. The combination of mold contamination and insect infestation increases water activity, resulting in an increase rate of mold growth. If mold growth is not controlled, the degradation of corn continues as the storage duration prolongs. There is simply no end to all of these issues if there is uncontrolled moisture migration and grain respiration since both generates an excessive amount of free water, increasing the water activity.
Corn contaminated with mold
Insect infestation
Insect infestation is a greater problem in regions with high relative humidity while temperature has the greatest influence on insect multiplication. At approximately 32°C, the rate of multiplication is monthly compounded exponential increase of fifty times the original amount (Yasothai, 2019).
Corn infested by insects
Growth of insect, pests and molds raises both temperature and moisture. Insect infestation is rampant whenever there is heavy sweating in areas where corn layer adheres to the silo wall in patches. Naturally, insects will start to breed and incubate their eggs in a conducive environment which provide a rich food source for its young larvae.
References
Afsah H., Leili S., Jinap, S., Hajeb, P., Radu, S. and Shakibazadeh, Sh. (2013). A Review on Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: Malaysia Case Study. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 12. 10.1111/1541-4337.12029.
Atanda, S.A., Pessu P. O., Agoda S., Isong I. U., Adekalu O. A., Ehendu M. A. and Falade T. C. (2011). Fungi and mycotoxins in stored foods. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 5(25). 4373-4382. 10.5897/AJMR11.487
D'orazio, M. (2012). Materials prone to mould growth. 10.1016/B978-0-85709-122-2.50012-7.
Mathlouthi, M. (2001). Water Content, Water Activity, Water Structure and the Stability of Foodstuffs. Food Control. 12. 409-417. 10.1016/S0956-7135(01)00032-9
Tapia, M.S., Alzamora, S.M. and Chirife, J. (2020). Effects of Water Activity (aw) on Microbial Stability as a Hurdle in Food Preservation. In Water Activity in Foods (eds G.V. Barbosa-Cánovas, A.J. Fontana, S.J. Schmidt and T.P. Labuza). 1002/9781118765982.ch14
Yasothai R. (2019). Storage Losses in Feed Ingredients by Insects and its Control. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology. 8(1). 44-49.
What is the future of alternative proteins in Asia? And the region’s next evolution in insect-based ingredients for livestock and aquaculture? What are the latest developments in animal health & nutrition, feed, micro-ingredients and additive management? How is farm production embracing cage-free solutions in Asia? And what are the new, advanced technologies for sustainable future food production?
CLFMA’s Second Online Webinar on the AHIDF with Government of India started with Opening Remarks & Introduction by Dr. S.K. Dutta, Joint Commissioner, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India. He briefed on the AHIDF (Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Scheme) of Rs.15000 Crores, under which, animal feed component was also included. He said that, the scheme enables the beneficiary to take the benefit of 90% the loan from the Bank, on which, 3% interest subvention is provided by the GOI., apart from this there is also a provision for availing 25% of the total borrowings as credit guarantee.
A short movie on AHIDF scheme was played during the Webinar to give a glimpse of the entire Scheme. Shri. Sadique Akhtar, Team Leader extended his thanks to the participants. He welcomed Shri. Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Hon’ble Chairman of CLFMA. Shri. Suresh Deora, Hon’ble Secretary of CLFMA. He has also thanked Mr. Divya Kumar Gulati, Dy. Chairman of CLFMA and all the participants & Dr. Lipi Sairiwal, Assistant Commissioner, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Govt. of India to participate in this program. He welcomed all the participants and the member of CLFMA for giving their valuable time to participate in the webinar.
Chairman, Mr. Neeraj Kumar Srivastava introducing CLFMA OF INDIA to the panelists and participants and gave a presentation on “Emerging Trend and Prospects of Feed Manufacturing”. He said that, CLFMA was very enthusiastic about this Webinar as the AHIDF scheme of Rs.15,000 Crores floated by GOI., and the same is very beneficial for the upliftment of the Livestock Industry.
Closing Remark was made by Shri. Suresh Deora, Hon. Secretary of CLFMA. He said the, AHIDF fund was a very good project for people in Industry whether they are Farmers, Section 8 companies, Proprietor, Partnership Firm, etc., as they can avail interest subvention of 3% on 90% of the Loan. He appreciated Dr. Lipi Sairiwal for presenting the detailed guidelines of the scheme.
